On 19 June, a meeting aimed at harmonising European countries’ air defence policies was held in Paris, at the initiative of President Emmanuel Macron. It was attended by defence ministers and state secretaries from 20 European countries, as well as the European Commissioner for Internal Market Thierry Breton and NATO’s Deputy Secretary General Mircea Geoană.

France against Germany’s European Sky Shield Initiative

France did not join the German initiative as this would be against its commercial interests.