DARC is designed to track small objects in geosynchronous orbit, ensuring the security of critical satellite infrastructure. The project was formalised with a Memorandum of Understanding signed on 27 September 2023, committing the three nations to 22 years of collaboration.
The first construction site, located in Exmouth, Western Australia, was completed in December 2024, three months ahead of schedule. Mission system integration and testing are now underway as part of the next phase of development.
Australian Department of Defence representative Michael Hunt praised the collaborative effort, emphasising the project’s role in strengthening Space Domain Awareness. He highlighted that the DARC initiative showcases the effectiveness of international cooperation in advancing shared defence goals.
Geosynchronous orbit, situated 22,236 miles above Earth, presents unique challenges for monitoring. Satellites in this orbit remain stationary relative to the ground, making it a critical location for communication and surveillance assets.
Due to its geographical constraints, the United States cannot monitor the entire geosynchronous orbit alone. DARC’s multinational approach ensures comprehensive coverage and accelerates the delivery of cutting-edge space technology.
Commodore Dave Moody, head of Space Capability for UK Space Command, stated that DARC is leveraging the geographic advantages of its partner nations. He noted that the combined expertise of the three countries is driving the development of an advanced and resilient space monitoring system.
Radar technology, which operates continuously in all weather conditions, forms the core of DARC’s monitoring system. Unlike optical telescopes, radar can function both day and night, although its effectiveness diminishes with increasing distance.
To overcome this limitation, DARC employs multiple smaller radar arrays that function collectively as a larger system. This approach was initially tested by the United States Space Force at White Sands Missile Range in 2021.
Brigadier General Chandler Atwood, Deputy Commander of Space Operations Command, stressed the importance of DARC in protecting space assets. He highlighted its role in detecting and tracking potential threats, as well as mitigating the risk of space debris.
The Australian site, which began construction in October 2023, has already completed its spectrum licensing and airspace approvals. The first open-air transmission from a DARC antenna took place in September 2024, with full operational capability expected by 2027.
Despite challenging conditions at the Exmouth site, construction and commissioning have proceeded at an accelerated pace. Officials attribute this success to strong cooperation between the three partner nations and the Australian industry.
Meanwhile, preparations are underway for the second DARC site, to be built in Pembrokeshire, Wales, at a UK Ministry of Defence location. Environmental and planning approvals are in progress to finalise the site selection.
A third DARC facility will be constructed in the continental United States, with the location yet to be determined. The entire network is scheduled for completion by 2032, ensuring long-term space monitoring capability.
Source: United States Space Force.
