Estonia had previously acquired older Javelin systems, having ordered 80 CLU units and 350 FGM-148E missiles in 2014, and began operating them in 2015. The Estonian Defence Forces later transferred 100 of these missiles to Ukraine in March 2022, with additional shipments made subsequently.
The FGM-148F is the latest version of the Javelin system, featuring a Multi-Purpose Warhead (MPWH) capable of penetrating 600–800 mm of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA). It has an effective range between 65 and 4,750 metres and a total system weight of 22.3 kg.
In addition to the United States Army, other early adopters of the FGM-148F variant include Poland, Lithuania, and Australia. Countries such as Thailand and Norway have also placed orders since 2021, though their specific variants remain unspecified.
Recent authorisations for Javelin system purchases include Romania (December 2023), Kosovo (January 2024), Morocco (March 2024), Bulgaria (September 2024), Tunisia (October 2024), and Ireland (April 2025). Future acquisitions are anticipated by Albania, Brazil, Latvia, and Estonia.
Currently, Javelin systems in various configurations are in service with the armed forces of 24 countries, including Ukraine, which received them as military aid from the U.S. and the U.K. Lockheed Martin has also confirmed in February ongoing discussions with India regarding potential local production of the system.
Estonia’s updated procurement aims to replenish its missile stockpile and enhance its infantry’s anti-armour capabilities. “The proposed sale will improve Estonia’s capability to meet current and future threats by maintaining a strong and ready self-defence capability,” the DSCA stated.
