Currently, Denmark is the guarantor of Greenland’s security and sovereignty, a role complicated by the island’s distance from the mainland and its expansive, harsh environment. Danish military presence in the region is limited, comprising a single observation aircraft, a small contingent of sled patrol units, and four patrol vessels.
American forces also maintain a significant presence in Greenland, particularly at the Pituffik Space Base, formerly Thule Air Base, which was renamed in 2023. The base houses key infrastructure, including a strategic missile early-warning system, a space operations centre, and facilities for air and maritime operations.
Following years of reduced defence spending, Denmark has recently allocated $400 million to bolster Arctic and North Atlantic surveillance. This includes investments in long-range drones and new patrol vessels, reflecting a renewed focus on enhancing capabilities in the region.
Over the next decade, the Danish government plans to spend more than $26 billion on defence, with a portion earmarked for Greenland-based investments. A central point of debate in the Danish Parliament remains the potential expansion of Kangerlussuaq airport, which could play a strategic role in Denmark’s Arctic defence strategy.
Denmark’s growing air force capabilities are also evident in its F-35A fighter programme. By 12 January 2025, Denmark had received 17 of the 27 ordered aircraft, with 11 stationed domestically and six supporting pilot and technician training at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona.
The Danish Air Force aims to achieve initial operational capability for its first F-35A squadron in 2025, transitioning to combat readiness alongside its ageing F-16 fleet. Full deployment of the F-35A fleet is expected by 2027, enabling Denmark to implement its strategy of rapid fighter deployment across multiple locations.